Effects of Nut Theft in California-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about the Strategic conditions and impacts of nut robbery in province of California USA. Answer: Presentation California State is accepted to be the most elevated nut provider in the USA. Because of the climate condition in California, nuts have been seen as doing completely well (Dreher, 2012). California nuts incorporate the almond nuts, pecans, peanuts, cashews, walnuts, and so on. California nuts industry have been a major monetary patron towards its development by siphoning billions of cash into the economy (MacDonald et al, 2013). The business had been doing great until 2009 when the principal nut robbery was accounted for. An excessive amount of issues have been come about to by robbery and burglary in the preparing and delivering organizations in the various pieces of the world (Mawby, 2014). Theft isn't only an issue experienced by the California nuts organizations alone, but at the same time is endured by organizations in different areas regardless of their sizes (Wolfe and Pyrooz, 2014). The main revealed contrast is the caused impact which relies upon the estimation of the taken property (Tilley et al, 2015). Robbers carryout research on the shortcomings of innovation utilized by the organizations and devise methods for breaking into the organization frameworks coming about to loses to the organizations (Ienca and Haselager, 2016). Foundation data Robbery of California nuts expressed route in 2009 when the main burglary wrongdoing was accounted for. The issue appeared to be an incidental by then since it had not been accounted for previously and therefore, no much consideration was given to it and in this manner no genuine safety efforts set up to deny the event of such violations in future. In the year 2012, the nut robbery issue expanded and from that point forward, a healthy of more than 10 million dollars have been lost by California nut industry. Significant misfortunes were acquired when drivers utilized fake papers that looked unique (Barclay, 2016). Battling California nut robbery has become troublesome on the grounds that wrongdoings don't include brutality in a large portion of the occasions or cases detailed however through paper phony. Such cases were viewed as wrongdoing offenses however not a lawful offense offenses as announced by the violations office (White et al, 2012). Nonetheless, in light of that, Boudreau x gave his view that the case ought to be diverse in universe of horticulture where all wrongdoings he proposed be viewed as crimes. A few a huge number of pounds of California nuts worth a large number of dollars had been taken from the business. The convoluted chain that associates the homesteads and the retailers had been utilized as a slack by cheats to have carried off around 10 million dollars of nuts, this came as a stunner to the law implementers and the ranchers (Medelln-Azuara et al, 2016). The ascent in the burglary of California nuts was because of the substitution of gadgets by food and refreshments in the profoundly taken merchandise in the United States. The costs of nuts are high and costly and this make cheats to concentrate on less theft of greater qualities (Williams and Roth, 2011). Innovation has also given a few provisos to hoodlums who take from California nut industry as cheats utilize cutting edge innovation to approach genuine transportation records. Spread of underground markets is likewise another issue of worry that supported California nut burglary. Figure 1: Supply chain for California nut industry From the above chain; figure1, arrangements of nuts beginnings legitimately from the homestead where a large number of hectares (for example around 40,000 h) are saved for nut cultivating exercises. Upon their status in the ranch for reap, they are collected and stacked in the delivery trucks where nuts are taken to the organizations for preparing. Transportation segment is significant with regards to getting crude materials from their areas to the organizations for use in the creation of other helpful items (Monczka et al., 2015). Nuts after arriving at the handling organizations, they are taken into the preparing methodology where at that point completed items are come about into. Different handling stages are followed to the last till the proposed items are acquired. The handling yields are pressed into various bundles relying upon the market necessity (Johnson, 2014). The expense brought about on shipment relies upon the goal of the items where for this situation neighborhood shi pment may be more affordable than universal shipment (Berthou and Fontagn, 2013). A large portion of the misfortunes endured by California nut industry because of robbery were at the hour of shipment. The division of transportation database announced that the business lose about over $500, 000 for every heap of the prepared items by the organizations. Criminals get their approaches to the California nut organizations by fashioning shipping organization subtleties and disappear with the merchandise. Therefore, numerous organizations had fallen survivors of the condition of nut robbery and lose tremendous heaps of items as hoodlums utilized authentic shipment archives, this was accounted for by Horizon Nut Company and Setton Farms. Not restricted to those two organizations, different organizations, for example, Hughson Nut Company, Almond processors, Walnut processors and numerous others had revealed comparative episodes in the previous not many years. Reports given by Butte County Sherriffs Department official, Matt Calkins, expressed that high estimation of burdens are taken in the radar of the criminals and they at that point procedure real shipment records through questionable methods causing them to show up as though from transportation industry and carrying off merchandise. Hoodlums approached these genuine transportation records from the web. CEO of Transit Risk Management in Long Beach Calif, Sam Wadhwani announced that thievery are high in some particular days of the week for example previously and following the ends of the week at that point drive away with the merchandise. A huge number of pounds of taken California nut items are moved to the worldwide markets where they are sold. Security was consented to be climbed where the quantity of barriers was proposed to be expanded to offer more check purposes of the nut truckloads. Quantitative investigation of the case Table 1: Value in US dollars of California nut industry Year of creation Sum in $ Billion Rate (%) Growth 2006 5.9 2007 7.2 23.7 2008 7.1 (1.6) 2009 6.1 (14.2) 2010 7.2 18.2 (Source: showcase line) Consideration began to concentrate on California nut industry numerous years prior, however from the table above, it recorded from the year 2006 where California nut industry contributed 5.9 billion dollars to the economy of the USA. Denoting that as the underlying worth, 2007 recorded 7.2 billion dollars which corresponding to the earlier year was a positive development of 23.7% in the industrys commitment to the economy. In 2008, the sum the business added to the economy decreased to 7.1 billion dollars which was a negative development of the business by 1.6%. Further negative development of 14.2% in the business was recorded in 2009 when the business just siphoned 6.1 million dollars in the economy. The business again got in 2010 when it contributed 7.2 billion dollars which was comparable to 18.2% development of the business. Table 2: California nut industry burglary Year of burglary Burglary in $ million 2012-2014 3.0 2015 4.6 2016 1.2 (Source: advertise line) In the middle of 2012 and 2014, the California business lost 3.0 million dollar to cheats, in 2015, the burglary developed to 4.6 million dollars and as of late in 2016 the recorded California industry nut robbery was 1.2 million dollars. These qualities will in general clarify why the business is recording decrease in development in certain years. Table 3: California gracefully chain and phases of robbery Phases of gracefully chain Sum lost in ($ million) Homestead to preparing 1 Preparing to showcase 7.6 (From: showcase line) It is clear from table 3 that the vast majority of California nut burglary happened between the handling organizations and the market during shipment coming about to loss of 7.6 million dollars and from the ranch to preparing organizations losing around under 1 million dollars. Answers for conquer nut burglary Arrangements that have been distinguished are taking records of the truck drivers licenses and furthermore utilizing unique finger impression scanners to record their pictures and their actual personalities. Besides, drivers should be oppressed into careful addressing of the goals of truckloads. Utilizing these by the nut organizations in California nut industry will help lessen the repeat of robbery exercises in the business. At the point when nut are still in the homestead, since burglary of nuts beginnings from the ranch, CCTV cameras should be introduced in the ranches to help screen the homesteads. Utilizing this thought will help security officials in checking nut homesteads and keeping them burglary free. Likewise, number of barricades should be expanded to build nut truckloads checkpoints. Officials should make tight agrarian laws to give brutal discipline to criminals got. Identifiable sequential labels should be acquainted in nut items with make following simple should chea ts drive away with them in the truckloads. Synopsis of the discoveries Discoveries from this report found that colossal misfortune have been experienced and endured by California nut industry. California nut are in danger of burglary at all stages directly from the ranch all through to the last market coming about to loss of over 7.6 million dollars. The spread of illicit businesses locally and universally was one of the components that had kept thievery alive in the ongoing past. Various key plans were delivered were as examined previously. End Taking everything into account, incredible misfortune had been endured by California nut industry, being that the business adds to the US economy, the whole countrys economy is harmed. The most elevated level of California nut c

Journal Article Summary and Application Essay

This paper presents the synopsis of the article â€Å"Staff improvement and understudy learning: An amalgamation of research on models of teaching† by Bruce Joyce, Beverly Showers and Carol Rolheiser-Bennett distributed in the Educational Leadership on October of 1987. The second 50% of the paper will talk about how the discoveries of this paper could be applied to genuine circumstances. The target of this paper is to exhibit that hypothetical suspicions of the creators about staff improvement can really be utilized to upgrade educational programs that would result to expanded understudy execution. Rundown This article contends that staff advancement must be and can be utilized to create school programs and educational programs that would result to expanded understudy execution and better learning. The creators talked about that the ongoing improvements in the field of staff advancement have been exceptionally valuable in structuring new instructive projects for understudies in light of the fact that the discoveries of said examine have given instructive pioneers the manual for which staff improvement can upgrade understudy learning, gave imaginative thoughts and projects to more understudy inclusion and a more extensive use of the diverse learning models. The creators accepted that the hypothetical models and program structures that could be embraced to viably improve understudy execution would just work in as much as how successfully the staff has been created and prepared. Subsequently, for the creators, staff advancement should start things out before any upgrades or projects can be structured and created. The most significant part of the proportion of understudy execution and improvement was the impact size. As indicated by the creators, impact size is similar to the degree of progress or worth that should have happened because of a mediating procedure or variable. Impact size can be utilized to decide how much the improvement was comparative with its unique worth, impact size is significant in light of the fact that it could tell exactly how viable the intercession was in achieving change. Then again, the creators likewise brought up that high impact size is wanted however regularly a little impact size for countless individuals is progressively attractive as it would realize more noteworthy change. The creators likewise talked about the instructing models that have been found to have yielded promising outcomes and those that have been applied effectively in some exploration contemplates. Social models of learning alludes to gathering and helpful learning against singular learning, it has been discovered that understudies who learn by participation and gathering work are all the more socially prepared, have better self-idea and inspirational mentalities to learning. The creators prescribe that staff improvement on the best way to train agreeable learning can really prompt better scholastic execution. Data preparing models utilize the learning procedure as the system to assist understudies with holding more data and learn more in a given period. The creators referenced the utilization of cutting edge coordinators and mental aides, which both had been demonstrated to expand understudy learning and yield however this would require concentrated preparing of instructors and a profoundly specialized staff advancement program. The individual models allude to the utilization of individual focused learning encounters; the creators said that synectics and nondirective learning would assist understudies with learning both scholastically and by and by. In any case, some have contended that the individual models would almost certainly have lesser scholarly effect since it centers around the individual. The conduct models were taken from crafted by Skinner and it utilizes the diverse social techniques, for example, customized getting the hang of, molding, fortification and so forth. Much research have really discovered that conduct strategies are compelling in expanding understudy execution and this have been the focal point of many staff improvement programs. The creators likewise recognized explicit instructing strategies that could be utilized to expand understudy execution across levels, for example, hold up time and instructor desire and understudy accomplishment. Hold up time alludes to the way toward permitting understudies sufficient opportunity to consider the teacher’s questions while educator desire says that there are differential medicines in the study hall. The creators infer that planning staff advancement projects should utilize the best working models and systems and this ought to be the focal point of managers who wishes to see their schools improve. Application The article has brought up a few learning models that could be utilized adequately to improve understudy learning and this could really be applied to the structure of staff advancement programs. The supposition here is that instructors couldn't encourage what they don't have, and since these models are not the ordinary models and customary ones educators have been prepared to do, it is basic that staff advancement have the option to show educators the specific technique and procedure for an increasingly successful study hall experience. For instance, a staff improvement program on utilizing nondirective learning should begin with a contribution on the hypothetical and specialized parts of the model, and afterward a workshop on the best way to complete study hall association inside this model can be exhibited to the instructors and afterward studied by the gathering and asset speaker. At that point the second piece of the instructional meeting is have the instructors structure an exercise design and show it to the gathering and a progression of investigating would likewise be done to assist educators with seeing their shortcomings and qualities in utilizing the model and afterward have the option to make enhancements. The experiential learning was utilized in this structure as grown-up students learn all the more adequately thusly. References Joyce Bruce, Showers, Beverly and Rolheiser-Bennett, Carol. â€Å"Staff Development and Student Learning: A Synthesis of Research on Models of Teaching. † Educational Leadership 45/2 (1987): 11-23.

How Media Affects Society Essay Example for Free

How Media Affects Society Essay How The Media Affects Society The media is without a doubt a noteworthy and compelling viewpoint in current society. As a methods for correspondence in a world especially progressed in innovation, the media contacts a wide range of individuals through different structures, for example, the radio, papers, TVs and so on. The inquiry remains: what data is left fair and clean? The individuals inside society must figure out the numerous bits of data took care of to them and tragically, by and large, all bits of media is taken as every bit of relevant information. The manners by which media impacts society, as it were, are through the realities it decides to uncover, as of late found on account of the Tamil war in Sri Lanka. The tone wherein it is introduced, for example, the as of late announced instances of Tamil dissent in the city of downtown Toronto lastly in the way it decides to focus on specific crowds, for example, the instance of Victoria George-Pazzano in Mexico. The media influences society through the realities it decides to uncover. The media can decide to make reference to specific things and also certain things. As found in the ongoing Tamil war in Sri Lanka all predominant press outlets were restricted from broadcasting out of the nation. The media at that point continued not to communicate any of it, leaving individuals ignorant of it on a worldwide scale, until the Tamils outside of Sri Lanka started to dissent and make different nations mindful of the circumstance. The media decided not to uncover this data and on the off chance that it was not for the dissent and walks held far and wide it is conceivable, that society could have never realized that decimation was being utilized against the Tamil Tigers. Society needs the media to be educated on the occasions occurring far and wide, yet once in a while the media may not decide to give us what is actually going on. This can bring about society not realizing how to respond to what's going on in different pieces of the world. Similarly as significant as the realities the media decides to uncover, the tone and way wherein the media presents these realities assumes an enormous job on societys take on occasions. The tone wherein the media presents the realities in can be unfriendly, nonpartisan or in favor. The tone can influence societys see on the circumstance, bringing about either a positive or negative response. As observed on May tenth when a large number of Tamils met on Torontos Gardiner Expressway, for very nearly 4 hours closing down a key vein in the citys street organize. On the off chance that the media had stated, â€Å"The Tamil nonconformists are keeping Torontonians prisoner in their own city† versus â€Å"The Tamil dissidents are boldly doing what should be done to spare their families†. This could have brought about Toronto betraying the Tamil people group and conceivably bringing about abhor wrongdoings, however rather the tone of the media was agreeable to the dissenters. Which has brought about a positive response from Toronto and the Canadian government. The tone wherein the realities are introduced by the media, can undoubtedly change the perspective of the purchaser, and can have either a positive or negative response paying little mind to reality behind the realities. Finally, the media utilizes its voice to focus on specific crowds for specific responses. Who can the media target? On account of Victoria George-Pazzano, a multi year elderly person who endured an extreme asthma assault while on an excursion in Mexico turned out to be basically sick. Victorias family argued to the Canadian government and Ontario medical clinics to bring her home,but were persistently informed that there were no beds and specialists accessible to treat in the entirety of Ontario. The group of Victoria at that point argued there case to the media, who consequently focused on the administration authorities and discovered that either the medical clinics or the authorities were misleading Victorias family in light of the fact that there were in excess of 20 beds accessible at that point. Since the media focused on the legislature with the correct tone and bearing of consideration, the warmth was put on the administration for activity since the entirety of the consideration was influencing there notoriety. Without the media Attention, Victoria George-Pazzano would have kicked the bucket in a medical clinic bed in Cancun Mexico on the grounds that the administration of Canada pushed her aside. With these three weapons at the medias removal, in particular the realities it decides to uncover, the point of view it decides to take and the individuals it wishes to target. The media holds a lot of intensity and impact over society. Obviously, it might be for a beneficial outcome or a negative one. Would one somewhat live in dread of the considerable number of assaults, attacks, thefts and murders that are accounted for or live glad, not thinking about each wrongdoing that happens? That is another discussion through and through. Be that as it may, one thing is for sure: the individuals ought not live aimlessly at the word and benevolence of the media or another. There ought to consistently be space for uncertainty, hypothesis and obviously ones own assessments. In spite of the fact that the media may convey an incredible impact over society, every individual is qualified for have an independent perspective.

Case Assignment Benzene exposure Free Essays

Presentation Benzene which is otherwise called benzol is a natural aggravate that is boring, exceptionally combustible and with a sweet scent. It will in general vanish immediately when left uncovered. It is a concoction aggravate that is typically framed by a characteristic procedure, for example, volcanic arrangement or woodland fires. We will compose a custom article test on Case Assignment Benzene introduction or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now It is additionally framed from hydrocarbons. It was supposed to be available as a â€Å"component of the cigarette smoke† (ACS, 2008). Some of it physical properties are a moderately high softening point and high solvency in water. It is for the most part use as a dissolvable in most concoction enterprises. It capacities ranges from the creation of medications, plastics, manufactured elastic to colors creation where it for the most part fills in as the antecedents of such mechanical items. Course of presentation Benzene introduction has a ton of wellbeing effect and there are for the most part three manners by which an individual can be presented to benzene harmfulness, these are inhalational course, ingestion and transdermal assimilation (Media Fact, 2008). Inward breath of benzene is for the most part because of the breathing of the benzene exhaust. Benzene vapor are breathed in effectively on the grounds that benzene is a very unstable natural compound and this sort of presentation is one of the deadliest in view of it quick contact with the lung parenchyma. This at that point inspire a ton neurological manifestations, for example, cerebral pain, tipsiness, tachycardia (increment in pulse), tremors and ensuing demise if untreated on schedule. Benzene ingestion come about because of eating of benzene loaded nourishments or drinks and its perceptible symtoms are neurological while those of transdermal course for the most part result from contact with the benzene or benzene loaded materials (Media Fact, 2008). The medical issues cause by this course of benzene introduction â€Å"are erythema (blushing of the skin), scaling dermatitis, concealment of the hematopoietic framework and pancytopenia† (Media Fact, 2008) Sources of Benzene Exposure The significant wellsprings of human presentation to benzene are ecological, word related and purchaser items. Benzene is normally discharged into air from sources like fuel filling stations, underground spillage of oil, vehicular fumes, tobacco smoke, squander items or sewage and some food items. The majority of the word related benzene introduction are seen for the most part in ventures like those include in elastic creation, concoction plants, treatment facilities and shipments and retail shops. Different sources incorporate purchaser items that are made of benzene, for example, pastes, glues, cigarettes, paint and varnishes e. t. c Short and long haul impacts The transient impacts of benzene presentation are â€Å"drowsiness, dazedness, cerebral pains, tremors, disarray and unconsciousness† (ACS, 2008). The past manifestations are because of presentation of around 700-300ppm while intense introduction of high portion brings about spewing, disturbance of the gastrointestinal tract, narcolepsy, seizure and tachycardia. In outrageous instances of high portion ingestion demise generally results. The drawn out impact of benzene poisonousness has been ascribed to the obstruction with the ordinary platelet creation I. e. the hematopoietic cells. The sequeale of this is frailty and leucopenia. A person with this will be immunocompromised thus such individual will be inclined to crafty ailments. The drawn out impact can likewise be believed to bring about regenerative organ brokenness. Careful steps 1. The utilization of individual defensive hardware, for example, gloves, cover and some other apparel materials. 2. Extraordinary preparing on types of gear taking care of and use 3. On the off chance that there is inadvertent arrival of the benzene brisk departure of such research facility must be done direly 4. Legitimate ventilation of the research facility References ACS, (2008). Benzene. Avoidance and early location Retrieved Sept 4, 2008 From www. malignant growth. organization/docroot/PED/content/PED_1_3X_Benzene. asp Step by step instructions to refer to Case Assignment Benzene presentation, Papers

Top 9 Stress Relieving Activities at Work That’ll Keep You Happy

Top 9 Stress Relieving Activities at Work That’ll Keep You Happy Ever wish a pressure superhuman could spare you from disordered gatherings, quick moving toward cutoff times, endless activities or roads turned parking lots? All things considered, you can turn into your own pressure busting superhuman. Here are some speedy and simple pressure assuaging exercises at work that will keep you cheerful and profitable! Don't hesitate to impart this to your companions and colleagues. Who knows? You may be helping that companion from a harsh time.1. Go WalkingDid you know strolling for even 10 minutes following 3 hours at your work area can lift your state of mind by 40%?!  If the climate is decent outside, you can simply step outside and stroll around the square or to the closest park. Strolling won't just make you live more, yet in addition give you more vitality for the duration of the day. I enthusiastically suggest going out for a stroll after lunch, and afterward once toward the evening to separate the day.via [imgur.com]2. Tune in to MusicThe best part about music is that when you hear it out, you will begin relating yourself to the verses of the melody, and cause you to feel on â€Å"top of the world†. The beats of music will help improving your mind-set and loosening up your muscles. So put on an earphone and begin tuning in to your most loved beats.via [wallpaper]3. Solid SnacksEating delightful and sound bites will keep your feeling of anxiety low. It will have uncommon constructive change in you and even individuals around you. Your positive mind-set will send positive vibes at your working environment. So begin pressing sound bites and you will be glad all day.While eating don’t stuff your mouth.document.createElement('video');https://www.thejobnetwork.com/wp-content/transfers/2015/09/BaX1BSU.webmvia [imgur.com]4. Stretch Your Body Regularly5. Put Loved Ones’ Pictures On Your DeskSpending time with your family is an incredible pressure buster. Having an image of your friends and family around you r work area will remind all the extraordinary occasions you had with your family and it will consequently carry a grin to your face. It will help your profitability all through the day.via [imgur.com]6. Peruse the InternetTake a break from your standard work, and simply head over to a stock photography website to take a gander at wonderful photographs of nature. Google has an Art Project site that includes the best workmanship assortment. My undisputed top choices are these destinations: Cuteoverload, The Thoughts Room.7. YogaYoga and breathing activity are the best strategy to de-stress. Look at this video to figure out how you can change your temperament for good.8. Speedy napWhat do Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison all share practically speaking? They all made significant commitments to the progression of humankind, and they were all enthusiastic force nappers. A force snooze of 15 †20 minutes can do ponder to your wellbeing and encourages you to concentr ate on your work. It energizes your body and psyche to an increasingly effective and beneficial day.9. SmileJust grin and you will feel the difference! Feel allowed to impart this to your companions and collaborators by just retweeting this. Who knows? You may be helping that companion from a harsh time.Sometimes you simply need to take a walk †9 pressure calming exercises at work http://t.co/NqMXWyxpMV #TJNTips pic.twitter.com/8IK32h1Z2c-TheJobNetwork (@TheJobNetwork) October 5, 2015

A Close Reading of James Madisons The Federalist No. 51 and its Relevancy Within the Sphere of Modern Political Thought - Literature Essay Samples

The roots of republican government and democratic ideals are firmly planted in James Madisons The Federalist No. 51, The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments. Written on February 6, 1788, this essay is one of three documents that make up a group of political pieces known as The Federalist Papers. These documents were written by the three main proponents of the U.S. Constitution and the Federal Convention; Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison (Mulford 999). The collection of essays was first published in the Independent Journal, a political magazine based in New York, in addition to several other magazines. Ironically, the governor of New York, George Clinton, was an Anti-Federalist, an antagonist of governmental liberties, republican ideals, and the subsequent ratification of the U.S. Constitution (Mulford 999). The Federalist No. 51 was written a year after Hamilton concluded that the state of New Y ork would not ratify the Constitution. Subsequently, The Federalist Papers were published and widely disseminated in New York, in addition to several other states, in order to persuade and convince the Anti-Federalists to support the foundations of democratic republicanism and federalism. Historical Background: In a sweeping attempt to rejuvenate the national government and replace its nebulous Articles of Confederation with a more stable legal and governing document, the Federalists assembled in what came to be known as the Federal Convention. This covert meeting was held from the spring through the fall of 1787, and was the genesis of the United States Constitution (Mulford 998). Before its nationwide ratification, the Anti-Federalists, who claimed that the document did not represent the lower and middle classes in society, staunchly opposed the Federalists version of the Constitution. They were later appeased by the proposal and subsequent implementation of the Bill of Right s in 1789 and 1790 when the First Congress of the United States presented the first twelve amendments to the state legislatures for ratification (NARA). The federal Constitution was finally ratified by all thirteen states in 1790 (Mulford 999). The Constitution is a living document that has the embedded capacity to be amended by the legislative branch of government by means of a three-fourths approval vote by the state legislatures. It has been amended twenty-seven times, with the final amendment disallowing U.S. Senators to set or increase their own salaries (U.S. Constitution). The Constitution remains to be one of the most unique governing documents in the world because of its assemblage of personal freedoms and checks and balances between the executive, legislative, and judiciary institutions of our government. Document Summary: An advocate of individual liberties and democratic structures and processes in government, James Madison purports his ideas of a governmental system buttressed with a division of powers and independent institutions in The Federalist No. 51. Madison asserts that the legislative branch is the most powerful branch of government and in the most need of checks and balances from the other branches, in order to ensure that no one branch becomes tyrannical. Furthermore, Madison claims the importance of guarding our country from not only the tyrannical rule of an executive leader, but also from the injustices that may ensue from groups of private citizens. Finally, Madison supports the idea that justice should be the overall purpose of representative government and a strong force among citizens in a civil society. Analysis: The Federalist No. 51 is relevant to the canon of modern political thought because it encapsulates the founding principles of federalism, protection against tyranny, the inevitability of class conflict, and the principled solution of checks and balances. Madison, u nlike Hamilton and other political activists of his time, supported the preservation of state governments, a pluralistic theory whose essence necessitates the existence of state government for the solidification of liberty and national cohesiveness among the states. Madison utilizes strong and persuasive rhetoric throughout his argument. He specifically states who is audience is in the salutation of his argument, To the People of the State of New York (Madison 1). Madisons purpose in The Federalist No. 51 is twofold: First, to persuade the Anti-Federalist citizens and government of New York, a key state in the ratification of the Constitution, to support the Federalists ideals; second, to inform the Federalist citizens of New York about the full message of the Federalist Party. Therefore, Madison can be credited with many of the founding principles that are necessary for our current Republic to exist. One of the first channels that Madison uses to define our modern un derstanding of political thought is an emphasis on federalism. He claims that the only way freedom and liberty can be maintained is through the institution of federalism, in order to lay a due foundation for that separate and distinct exercise of the different powers of government/is admitted on all hands to be essential to the preservation of liberty, it is evident that each department should have a will of its own (Madison 1). Madison supports the idea of separated governmental entities by acknowledging the existence of their individual wills. Without this acknowledgement, the institutions of government would not be powerful enough to function independently. Madison points out the danger of any one institution harboring too much power It is important in a republic not only to guard the society against the oppression of its rulers, but to guard one part of the society against the injustice of the other part (3). Madison further asserts that since the people of America transfer red their sovereignty to the government, then in turn, a double security arises to the rights of the people (3). This claim is relevant to the foundation of modern political thought because it places a value on the citizens of the states and ensures them protection from a sovereign in exchange for their sovereignty. Madison embraces one of the primary arguments of the Anti-Federalist movement, recognition of the lower and middle classes in society. Madison recognizes the existence of class distinction and the tyranny the majority often has over the minority. He further recognizes this distinction within the same department of government. Madison proposes a legal solution to this apparent problem, giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others (Madison 2). His eye for an eye solution and discussion of human nature may stem from Thomas Hobbess philosophical insights into the state of nature and civil society. In addition, Madison employs Biblical allusion throughout this discourse on political inequality, if men were angels, no government would be necessary (2). Here, Madison recognizes mans state of imperfection and need for government control. Furthermore, Madison claims that a power independent of the people would be a mandatory existence because of the inherent factionalism among the classes of citizens in America. Madison shows his unbiased nature by proposing that the Federalist concepts are a necessary existence because of human nature and class factionalism, a force that exists outside of Madisons own persuasive rhetoric. Personal Reflection: I am a strong advocate of federalism and like Madison; I support an inherent system of checks and balances in order to prevent tyranny from either the majority or minority groups in a given society. I speculate, however, if Madison could have predicted the permanent ability of one branch to declare acts o f another branch unconstitutional, i.e. Marbury v. Madison (1803) 5 U.S. 137. Madison firmly claims that the legislative branch of the federal system is the most powerful branch of government (Madison 1). A legislative veto overrides the effects of an executive veto, however, the judicial branch and should never be ignored. United States Supreme Court appointments are the longest lasting legacy of any U.S. President who has the opportunity to appoint a new justice to the bench. The Supreme Court does not make new law; however, it has and will continue to declare acts of the legislature unconstitutional. However, the legislative branch remains to be the most powerful branch because of its recourse over the executive branch. Madison was correct in recommending a system of checks and balances as a solution to tyranny and political hegemony. His solution is important to the overall canon of political thought because it holds political leaders and their individual institutions acco untable to the populace. This separates the democratic system from monarchies or autocracies that cannot ensure the same fundamental freedoms and protections to its citizenry. Conclusion: By closely examining the origins behind and meanings within Madisons work, readers can fully appreciate the overall impact it has on the canon of modern political theory. The Federalist No. 51 can be credited with the foundations of republican government and the institutions of federalism, protection against tyranny, and fundamental solution of checks and balances. Madisons paper can be seen as the foundation of the U.S. Constitution and the premise of individual rights and freedoms. Madisons work differs from the other essays in The Federalist Papers because Madison, unlike Hamilton and Jay, recognized the importance of the existence and relationship between state governments and the national government. This is important today because of issues in state and individual sovereignty, as well a s funding and resource preservation. The Federalist No. 51 is the foundation of our forefathers creation of a great republic, with embedded protections against an oppressor, and the capacity to protect and maintain individual freedoms. Works CitedMadison, James. The Federalist No. 51: The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments. The Constitution Society. Texas, 1995. (Madison). Internet Available: http://www.http://ecu.blackboard.com/bin/common/course.pl?course_id=_20911_1frame=top.Mulford, Carla, Angela Vietto, and Amy E. Winans, eds. Early American Writings. New York: Oxford UP, 2002. (Mulford). The Constitution of the United States, Amend. XXVI, sect.13. (U.S. Constitution).

The Argument About Creative Writing Essay Samples

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